基于多平台的输电线路选线系统开发     

王彬  郑光辉  肖伟红  王巍 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(7)

输电线路选线是电力工程勘测设计的重要工作内容,传统的勘测手段存在地图不能及时更新,优化选线不合理,实地踏勘工作量大、前期工作周期长等问题。本文以在线卫星地图数据为主要载体,开发了基于多平台在线地理信息数据的输电线路工程选线系统,改变传统的作业模式,发挥多平台在线卫星地图数据的优势,大大提高输电线路设计效率和质量,克服了多平台地理信息数据不能转换,图形不能编辑、输出、量测等问题。  相似文献   

大数据时代下测绘地理信息产业的机遇和挑战     

胡捍东 《测绘与空间地理信息》2015,(12):150-152

我们正在逐步进入大数据时代,大数据开启了一次重大的时代转型,必定会对各个领域中的生存和发展产生重大的影响。本文分析了大数据时代测绘地理信息产业呈现出的新特点、新趋势,阐述了大数据给测绘地理信息产业发展带来的机遇和面临的挑战,提出了推进测绘地理信息产业发展的对策及建议。  相似文献   

Engaging Diasporas for Development: a case study of Pitcairn Island     

Maria Amoamo 《The Australian geographer》2015,46(3):305-322

Diaspora engagement is a growing trend and many governments, international organisations and policy makers are increasingly focusing on the role of diaspora in development strategies for the homelands. Such policies are predominantly critical to island-dense regions such as the Caribbean and Pacific that have suffered high rates of outmigration during the postcolonial period. One such Pacific island is Pitcairn, a British Overseas Territory, and is the focus of this article. But while most of the literature focuses on the positive benefits of diaspora engagement, this paper examines the dynamics of diaspora (dis)engagement and (dis)affection. Each diaspora has a unique set of needs and capabilities based on its historical experience and the present realities of its countries of origin and destination. While much has been written celebrating the role of diasporas in development, diaspora have also shown themselves to have dual natures, with sometimes conflicting identities and allegiances. Based on analysis of a recent Pitcairn Diaspora Survey and ethnographic data, discussion in this paper reveals that the best intentions of engaging diaspora for development can be impeded by several factors including: (1) the complex nature of identity, place and politics; (2) difficult negotiations between past, present and future intentions of movers; and (3) shifting ‘roots/routes’ and boundaries of identification. Consequently, the paper aims to highlight the realities of settlement and relationships of diaspora space and subjectivity with the homeland.  相似文献   

Demographic and Economic Changes in Remote Australia     

Bernice Kotey 《The Australian geographer》2015,46(2):183-201

Varied distribution of resources, populations and Indigenous people result in significant socio-economic differences among statistical local areas (SLAs) in remote Australia. These differences indicate that the experience of change at the height of the resources boom will differ among SLAs in the region. Using hierarchical cluster analysis with Ward's minimum variance method, four socio-economic clusters were identified among the 197 SLAs in the region. The first was the most disadvantaged, with limited resources and human capital and the highest percentage of Indigenous people. The other three clusters improved in sequence, with the fourth having the most resources with the highest employment rate and income but least number of Indigenous people. Multivariate analysis of variance with main and interaction effects showed changes in demographics, industry structure, human capital and income over the period of investigation for the region as a whole and differences in the extent of these changes among the clusters. Policy interventions in the region are suggested for each group to match its specific needs.  相似文献   

Crossing-over between land cover and land use: Exploring spatially varying relationships in two large US metropolitan areas     

《Applied geography (Sevenoaks, England)》2015

Difficulties in identifying actual uses of land space from remote sensing-based land cover products often result in lost opportunities to enhance the capacity of applied research on human settlements. In an attempt to address these difficulties, this study investigates how land cover and land use are interrelated with each other and what determines the relationship patterns by analyzing detailed land use and land cover data for two large US metropolitan areas – the five-county Los Angeles and six-county Chicago regions – where a broad spectrum of human settlements, ranging from urban cores to less-urbanized edges, coexist. The analysis shows that the land cover-land use relationship substantially varies not only across regions but across neighborhoods within each region. Through multivariate regression, it is also found that the intraregional variation is highly associated with the neighborhood's stage of urbanization, median housing age, and other development characteristics, suggesting that the relationship pattern can largely be shaped by the history and evolution of urban design/development.  相似文献   

Progress and prospect of research on forest landscape model     

DAI Erfu  WU Zhuo  WANG Xiaofan  FU Hua  XI Weimin  PAN Tao 《地理学报》2015,25(1):113-128

The Forest Landscape Model (FLM) is an efficiency tool of quantified expression of forest ecosystem''s structure and function. This paper, on the basis of identifying FLM, according to the stage of development, summarizes the development characteristics of the model, which includes the theoretical foundation of mathematical model, FLM of stand-scale, primary development of spatial landscape model, rapid development of ecosystem process model as the priority, and developing period of structure and process driven by multi-factor. According to the characteristics of different FLMs, this paper classifies the existing FLM in terms of mechanism, property and application, and elaborates the identifications, advantages and disadvantages of different types of models. It summarizes and evaluates the main application fields of existing models from two aspects which are the changes of spatial pattern and ecological process. Eventually, this paper presents FLM''s challenges and directions of development in the future, including: (1) more prominent service on the practical strategy of forest management''s objectives; (2) construction of multi-modules and multi-plugin to satisfy landscape research demand in various conditions; (3) adoption of high resolution''s spatial-temporal data; (4) structural construction of multi-version module; (5) improving the spatial suitability of model application.  相似文献   

长江三角洲地区污染密集型产业转移及驱动机理   总被引：2，自引：1，他引：1  

崔建鑫  赵海霞 《地理研究》2015,34(3)

污染密集型产业转移及影响机理研究已成为区域可持续发展的研究热点之一。利用长江三角洲地区2000-2010年面板数据,运用Arc GIS空间分析工具,探讨污染密集型产业的时空格局演变特征及转移规律,构建计量学模型,定量地揭示其转移的驱动机理。结果表明:1近十年来,长江三角洲地区的污染密集型产业具有空间转移特征,转移方向基本符合沪宁—沪杭甬交通线,呈现由中心城市到外围城市、由集中到分散转移态势;2污染密集型产业转移主要受到外向度和劳动力成本拉动,而与经济发展水平呈负相关,环境规制、产业结构、创新能力均产生重要推动作用。3长江三角洲地区经济发展目前已逐渐摆脱依赖污染密集型产业的迹象,但污染密集型产业区位仍未发生根本性改变。  相似文献   

临港石化集聚对城镇人居环境影响的居民感知——宁波镇海案例   总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2  

马仁锋  王美  张文忠  余建辉  王益澄  任丽燕 《地理研究》2015,34(4)

沿海港口地区大量地集聚化工企业,导致生态环境型邻避冲突在滨海港口城市不断涌现.利用问卷调查、半结构访谈对镇海居民入户抽样,调查石化企业集聚对人居环境影响的居民感知.结果表明:①石化企业集聚的潜在危险与环境排放构成的居住安全、环境污染是集聚区环境外部性的首要负外部性,是影响城市人居环境的重要方面;②本地居民认知的石化集聚区环境外部性对人居环境影响的空间特征符合地理学第一定律,且青年、中青年、老年群体的感知差异初现文化集团性;③初步证实人居环境是有效刻画城市产业空间组织及其环境外部性的综合媒介,将成为政府破解“环境抗争事件”和城市产业升级的着力点.研究成果为深入理解城市产业功能区升级与城镇人居环境建设需求及阶层偏好提供了案例,同时对指导城市产业空间优化与宜居城市建设具有重要的现实意义.  相似文献   

区域发展战略与城镇空间结构规划关系剖析——兼议山东省城镇空间结构     

于兰军 《地域研究与开发》2015,(1)

从区域发展战略和城镇空间结构规划的基本概念和内涵入手,剖析两者的关系及主要差异,分析了山东省区域发展战略和城镇空间结构。结果表明:区域发展战略在空间上表现为政策区概念,面向封闭的均质区域,区内具有普适性,其实施是自上而下的政府主导过程,不同发展战略在空间上不具有排他性;城镇空间结构规划则表现为开放性特征,以"点、线、网络"等结构化语言为基本要素,是一种自下而上的自组织过程,更多地体现了发展的规律性,且同一尺度的不同城镇群体在空间上一般不应交叉。当前山东省城镇空间结构表述中存在过于依赖区域发展战略和重叠过多的问题,并对省域城镇空间结构进一步发育提出了建议。  相似文献   

环渤海区域旅游非均衡发展时空特征研究     

翁钢民  姚昭屹  贾丽丽 《地域研究与开发》2015,(3):91-95

受资源禀赋、地理区位、经济水平等因素的影响,环渤海区域旅游发展水平不尽相同,非均衡性问题日益突显,且差距有拉大的趋势。空间自相关是一种空间统计分析方法,旨在探索旅游要素的空间分布规律和作用机制。根据2004—2013年的数据,计算环渤海地区的接待入境旅游人数、国际旅游外汇收入、国内旅游人数、国内旅游收入4组全局Moran’s I值,分析该时期环渤海区域旅游空间集聚演变过程。在局部空间自相关方面,选取2013年截面数据,通过Moran散点图和LISA分析,探究环渤海区域旅游发展相关程度和集聚情况,为区域旅游发展政策制定提供决策依据。  相似文献